China

Hong Kong has one of the world's highest concentrations of skyscrapers — over 550 buildings taller than 150m.

Beijing has been China's capital for over 700 years across the Mongol Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. The Forbidden City — the imperial palace complex at its centre — has 9,999 rooms (one short of the mythological 10,000 rooms of Heaven), was home to 24 emperors, and is the largest surviving palace complex on Earth.

Suzhou has been called 'the Venice of the East' for at least 2,000 years — its canal network predates Venice by over a millennium. The city is also China's silk capital; Suzhou embroidery (one of the four great embroidery traditions) uses up to 40 strands per thread and takes months to complete a single piece. Marco Polo described Suzhou as a 'great and noble city' in 1276.

Fenghuang means 'phoenix' in Chinese and the town is shaped like a phoenix in flight when viewed from above. It was the birthplace of Shen Congwen (1902–1988), widely considered the greatest Chinese prose writer of the 20th century and a five-time Nobel Prize nominee. The town's Tujia and Miao ethnic minorities maintain living traditions of hand-woven batik fabric and silver jewellery.

Lijiang Old Town was built without any city walls — virtually unique among Chinese ancient towns — because the Naxi people's surname Mu (木) would be 'encased' if walls were built, forming the character for 'trapped' (困). The town survived the 1996 Yunnan earthquake largely intact due to its traditional timber-frame construction, which is inherently flexible — a lesson in vernacular earthquake engineering.

The limestone karst peaks around Yangshuo are up to 300 million years old — formed when this part of Guangxi was a tropical sea floor. The landscape inspired the phrase 'Guilin's scenery is the finest under heaven' (桂林山水甲天下) which has been used since the Tang dynasty. The iconic image of a fisherman on a bamboo raft with a cormorant on his arm is a real — though now touristic — Zhuang fishing tradition.

Guizhou is home to over 18 recognised ethnic minorities — more than any other Chinese province. The Miao people of Guizhou maintain the world's most elaborate traditional silver jewellery culture: a Miao bride's headdress can weigh over 15 kg and a full festival costume represents a family's wealth accumulated over generations. Guizhou is also the birthplace of Moutai (茅台) — China's most prestigious and expensive baijiu spirit.

Wuyuan is often called 'China's most beautiful countryside' and the birthplace of Neo-Confucianism — philosopher Zhu Xi (1130–1200), whose synthesis of Confucian thought shaped East Asian intellectual culture for 800 years, was born here. The distinctive white-walled, black-roofed Huizhou architecture (徽派建筑) seen throughout the village was developed by wealthy salt and tea merchants who built elaborate homes while conducting business far away.

Furong Ancient Town (芙蓉镇) became famous across China when director Xie Jin filmed his acclaimed 1986 movie there — the film was so popular that the real town of Wangcun was officially renamed Furong Town. Lingling (零陵) in Yongzhou is one of China's oldest counties, established in 221 BC, and the source of the name 'Ling' in the phrase 'Guilin' (桂林).

Chongqing is technically the world's largest city by administrative area — its municipality covers 82,400 km², roughly the size of Austria. The Three Gorges Dam project displaced over 1 million Chongqing residents in the early 2000s. The city's unique vertical topography means some metro stations have exits 7 floors apart, and the Liziba station passes directly through a residential skyscraper.

Dali was the capital of the Nanzhao Kingdom (738–937 AD) and the Dali Kingdom (937–1253 AD) — two powerful independent states that resisted Tang and Song Chinese expansion for over 500 years. The Dali Kingdom was the last territory conquered by Kublai Khan before his invasion of Song China, falling in 1253 — a fact immortalised in Jin Yong's martial arts novel 'Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils' which imagined a secret Dali royal family of supreme kung fu masters.

Shaoxing is called a 'museum without walls' because virtually every street and canal dates to the Tang or Song dynasty. The city is the birthplace of Lu Xun (1881–1936) — considered the father of modern Chinese literature — and Wang Xizhi, China's most celebrated calligrapher (303–361 AD). Shaoxing rice wine has been produced for over 2,500 years and is traditionally given to families when a girl is born; the jar is buried and opened at her wedding.

Dalian was founded as a Russian naval port (Dalny) in 1898 and then captured and rebuilt by Japan (Dairen) from 1905–1945 — it is one of the few Chinese cities with significant Russian and Japanese urban planning imprints simultaneously. The city has no bicycles by local tradition (too hilly and windy) but has one of China's most functional tram networks, with antique trams still running along the seafront.

Hefei is known as 'Science Island' (科学岛) — home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Plasma Physics, which operates EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak), the world's most advanced nuclear fusion reactor. In 2023 EAST achieved 403 seconds of plasma at 120 million°C — breaking the world record for sustained nuclear fusion. China's quantum communication satellite network is also managed from Hefei.

Zhengzhou sits at the centre of China's ancient civilisation heartland — within 100 km lie Anyang (Shang dynasty capital and birthplace of Chinese writing), Luoyang (Han and Tang eastern capital), Kaifeng (Song dynasty capital), and the Shaolin Temple birthplace of both Chan (Zen) Buddhism and Chinese martial arts. The Yellow River passes 30 km north of the city — the cradle of Chinese civilisation for 5,000 years.

Quanzhou was the world's largest trading port from the 10th–14th centuries — Marco Polo called it 'Zayton' and described it as the greatest port he had ever seen, larger than Venice and Alexandria combined. It sent out China's Maritime Silk Road across Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa. The city has 22 UNESCO World Heritage monuments recognising its role as the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, inscribed in 2021.

Yan'an served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party from 1936–1947 — the decade when Mao Zedong consolidated control, the CCP survived Japanese invasion, and the revolutionary ideology that would govern 1.4 billion people was formulated. Over one million CCP officials and cadres make compulsory 'red education' pilgrimages to Yan'an annually. The city sits in the heart of the Loess Plateau — the world's largest deposit of wind-blown silt, which gave the Yellow River its colour and allowed ancient agriculture to develop in this otherwise arid landscape.